Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection does not affect blood sugar control in T1D patients

Patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who have been vaccinated against COVID-19 do not appear to have worsened glycaemic control, according to a study.

The retrospective study evaluated the trend of glycaemic control metrics during the SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with T1D using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) system and who are vaccinated against COVID-19.

Glycaemic control data of CGM-derived metrics were compared 14 days before COVID-19 (time point 1), 14 days during COVID-19 (time point 2), and 14 days after COVID-19 (time point 3). The analysis included a total of 106 patients with T1D and breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection.

From time point 2 to time point 3, there was a significant reduction in glucose management indicator (from 7.52 percent to 7.41 percent; p=0.006) as well as a significant increase in time in range (from 52.1 percent to 54.6 percent; p=0.026).

Furthermore, significant reductions in the standard deviation SD (p<0.001) and coefficient of variation (p<0.001) were seen at time point 3 and time point 2 than at time point 1. These reductions were associated with substantial changes in mean glucose levels, time below range level 1, and total daily insulin doses.

The findings suggest that breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection does not exert a negative effect on glycaemic control in vaccinated people with T1D.