Hypertension References

Last updated: 28 October 2025
  1. MedWormhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Cardiology/7/http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Cardiology.xml
  2. MedWorm http://www.medworm.com/rss/index.php/Pediatrics/33/ http://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/specialities/Pediatrics-News.xml
  3. MedWorm - Hypertensionhttp://www.medworm.com/rss/medicalfeeds/conditions/Hypertension-News.xml
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  8. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-e248. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006. Accessed 16 Nov 2017. PMID: 29146535
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  11. Kaplan NM. Ambulatory and home blood pressure monitoring and white coat hypertension in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. Mar 2017. Accessed 19 Apr 2017.
  12. National Heart Foundation of Australia. Guideline for the diagnosis and management of hypertension in adults - 2016. National Heart Foundation of Australia. https://www.heartfoundation.org.au. 2016. Accessed 19 Apr 2017.
  13. Malaysian Society of Hypertension, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Academy of Medicine of Malaysia. Clinical practice guidelines. Management of hypertension. 5th edition (2018). Academy of Medicine of Malaysia. http://www.acadmed.org.my. 2018. Accessed 07 Dec 2018.
  14. Tay JC, Sule AA, Chew EK, et al. Ministry of Health clinical practice guidelines: hypertension. Singapore Med J. 2018 Jan;59(1):17-27. doi: 10.11622/smedj.2018007. Accessed 17 Dec 2018. PMID: 29376186
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  16. Bakris G, Ali W, Parati G. ACC/AHA versus ESC/ESH on hypertension guidelines: JACC guideline comparison. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Jun 18;73(23):3018-3026. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.507. Accessed 29 Aug 2019. PMID: 31196460
  17. Kario K, Chen CH, Park S, et al. Consensus document on improving hypertension management in Asian patients, taking into account Asian characteristics. Hypertension. 2018 Mar;71(3):375-382. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10238. Accessed 28 Aug 2019. PMID: 29311253
  18. Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines. Hypertension. 2020 Jun;75(6):1334-1357. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026. Accessed 01 Jun 2020. PMID: 32370572
  19. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. NICE. https://www.nice.org.uk/. 18 Mar 2022. Accessed 14 Jan 2023.
  20. Nerenberg KA, Zarnke KB, Leung AA, et al. Hypertension Canada's 2018 Guidelines for diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults and children. Can J Cardiol. 2018 May;34(5):506-525. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.02.022. Accessed 24 Jun 2020. PMID: 29731013
  21. Clerkin KJ, Fried JA, Raikhelkar J, et al. COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2020 May 19;141(20):1648-1655. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046941. Accessed 14 Jan 2021. PMID: 32200663
  22. European Society for Cardiology (ESC). ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of CV disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. ESC. https://www.escardio.org. 10 Jun 2020. Accessed 22 Feb 2021.
  23. Ona DID, Jimeno CA, Jasul GV, et al. Executive summary of the 2020 clinical practice guidelines for the management of hypertension in the Philippines. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2021 Aug 3:1-14. doi: 10.1111/jch.14335. PMID: 34343391
  24. Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al; ESC National Cardiac Societies, ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 7;42(34):3227-3337. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484. Accessed 15 Dec 2021. PMID: 34458905
  25. The Task Force for the Management of COVID-19 of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). ESC guidance for the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: part 2-care pathways, treatment, and follow-up. Eur Heart J. 2022 Mar 14;43(11):1059-1103. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab697. Accessed 28 May 2022. PMID: 34791154
  26. Al-Makki A, DiPette D, Whelton PK, et al. Hypertension pharmacological treatment in adults: a World Health Organization guideline executive summary. Hypertension. 2022 Jan;79(1):293-301. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18192. PMID: 34775787
  27. World Health Organization (WHO). Guideline for the pharmacological treatment of hypertension in adults. WHO. https://www.who.int/. 2021.
  28. Basile J, Bloch MJ. Overview of hypertension in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 05 Jan 2023.
  29. Egan BM. The prevalence and control of hypertension in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 16 Mar 2023.
  30. ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Aroda VR, et al. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes – 2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan;46(Suppl 1):S158-S190. doi: 10.2337/dc23-S010. Accessed 26 Mar 2023. PMID: 36507632
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  32. Kunanon S, Roubsanthisuk W, Chattranukulchai P, et al. 2022 Thai Hypertension Society guidelines on home blood pressure monitoring. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2022 Sep;24(9):1139-1146. doi: 10.1111/jch.14569. PMID: 36196468
  33. Van Minh H, Van Huy T, Long DPP, et al. Highlights of the 2022 Vietnamese Society of Hypertension guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of arterial hypertension: the collaboration of the Vietnamese Society of Hypertension (VSH) Task Force with the contribution of the Vietnam National Heart Association (VNHA). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2022 Sep;24(9):1121-1138. doi: 10.1111/jch.14580. Accessed 26 Mar 2023. PMID: 36196473
  34. World Health Organization (WHO). Hypertension key facts. WHO. https://www.who.int/. 16 Mar 2023.
  35. Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunstrom M, et al. 2023 ESH guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA). J Hypertens. 2023 Dec 1;41(12):1874-2071. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480. Accessed 16 Mar 2024. PMID: 37345492
  36. Vemu PL, Yang E, Ebinger J. 2023 ESH hypertension guideline update: bringing us closer together across the pond. American College of Cardiology. https://www.acc.org. 05 Feb 2024. Accessed 01 Jul 2024.
  37. Wang JG, Kario K, Chen CH, et al. Management of morning hypertension: a consensus statement of an Asian expert panel. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2018 Jan;20(1):39-44. doi: 10.1111/jch.13140. PMID: 29338119
  38. World Health Organization (WHO). Hypertension. WHO. https://www.who.int/. 16 Mar 2023. Accessed 02 Jul 2023.
  39. McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024 Aug 30:ehae178. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178. Accessed 31 Aug 2024. PMID: 39210715
  40. Graham TP. Hypertension. In: Kellerman RD, Heidelbaugh JJ, Lee EM. Conn's Current Therapy 2025. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025. 132-140. :132-140.
  41. Jones DW, Ferdinand KC, Taler SJ, et al. 2025 AHA/ACC/AANP/AAPA/ABC/ACCP/ACPM/AGS/AMA/ASPC/NMA/PCNA/SGIM guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2025 Aug 14. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001356. Accessed 16 Aug 2025. PMID: 40811497