Managing heart failure in Singapore: Current landscape and new developments

Epidemiologic trends in Singapore showed a significant 38% rise in age-adjusted heart failure (HF) hospitalizations (from 85.4 per 10,000 in 1991 to 110.3 per 10,000 in 1998).¹ Annually, there are approximately 1,500 hospitalizations to local public hospitals due to HF, based on pooled data from the national registry. Comparatively, 2% of population in the United States and Europe live with HF.² Notably, in 2018, approximately 30% of deaths in Singapore were due to cardiovascular diseases.³