Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, et al; Invasive Fungal Infections Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Global Aspergillus Study Group. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med. 2002 Aug;374(6):408-415. PMID: 12167683
Reichenberger F, Habicht JM, Gratwohl A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic patients. Eur Respir J. 2002 Apr;19(4):743-755. PMID: 11999005
O’Shaughnessy EM, Forest GN, Walsh TJ. Invasive aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies: recent advances and new challenges. Curr Treat Options Infect Dis. 2003;5:507-515
Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al; American Thoracic Society Fungal Working Group. An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jan;183(1):96-128. doi: 10.1164/rccm.2008-740ST. PMID: 21193785
Sobel JD. Practice guidelines for the treatment of fungal infections. For the Mycoses Study Group. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Apr;30(4):652. PMID: 10770725
Soubani AO, Chandrasekar PH. The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis. Chest. 2002 Jun;121(6):1988-1999. PMID: 12065367
Stevens DA, Schwartz hJ, Lee JY, eta al. A randomized trial of itraconazole in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. N Engl J Med. 2000 Mar;342(11):756-762. PMID: 10717010
Stevens DA, Kan VL, Judson MA, et al for Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice guidelines for diseases caused by Aspergillus. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Apr;30(4):696-709. PMID: 10770732
Walsh T, Anaissie E, Denning D, et al. Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Feb;46(3):327-360. doi: 10.1086/525258. PMID: 18177225
Tablan OC, Anderson LJ, Besser R, et al. Guidelines for preventing health-care-associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2004 Mar;53(6)(Suppl Suppl):001-36. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15048056. PMID: 15048056
Walsh T, Stevens D. Aspergillosis. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th. Philadelphia: Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier; 2011.
Gilbert DN, Moellering RC, Eliopoulos GM, et al. The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy. 35th. Hyde Park (VT): Antimicrobial Therapy Inc; 2005.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Aspergillosis. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov. Jan 2016.
Denning DW, Cadranel J, Beigelman-Aubry C, et al; European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and European Respiratory Society. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: rationale and clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management. Eur Respir J. 2016 Jan;47(1):45-68. doi: 10.1183/13993003.00583-2015. PMID: 26699723
Patterson TF, Thompson GR, Denning DW, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2016 Aug;63(4):e1-e60. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw326. PMID: 27365388
Steinbach WJ. Aspergillosis. In: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, et al. Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 7th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, Elsevier Inc; 2014:2704-2722.e5.
Steinbach WJ. Aspergillus. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, Elsevier Inc; 2016:1521-1525.e1.
Akuthota P, Weller PF. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 24 Mar 2020. Accessed 19 Aug 2020.
Akuthota P, Weller PF. Treatment of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 03 Feb 2021. Accessed 19 Aug 2020.
Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Cadranel J, Flick H, et al. Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: current standards and future perspectives. Respiration. 2018;96(2):159-170. doi: 10.1159/000489474. PMID: 29982245
Denning DW. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 19 Nov 2020. Accessed 19 Aug 2020.
Denning DW. Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 17 Nov 2021. Accessed 19 Aug 2020.
Hage CA, Carmona EM, Epelbaum O, et al. Microbiological laboratory testing in the diagnosis of fungal infections in pulmonary and critical care practice. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Sep;200(5):535-550. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1185ST. PMID: 31469325
Kauffman CA. Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 09 Jul 2019. Accessed 19 Aug 2020.
Kauffman CA. Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of invasive aspergillosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com. 14 Aug 2019.
Ullmann AJ, Aguado JM, Arikan-Akdagli S, et al. Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018 May;24(Suppl 1):e1-e38. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.01.002. PMID: 29544767
Maertens JA, Girmenia C, Brüggemann RJ, et al. European guidelines for primary antifungal prophylaxis in adult haematology patients: summary of the updated recommendations from the European Conference on Infections in Leukemia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018 Dec;73(12):3221-3230. doi: 10.1093/jac/dky286. PMID: 30085172
Maghrabi F, Denning DW. The management of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: the UK National Aspergillosis Centre approach. Curr Fungal Infect Rep. 2017;11:242-251. doi: 10.1007/s12281-017-0304-7. Accessed 22 Aug 2020. PMID: 29213345
Shah A, Panjabi C. Allergic aspergillosis of the respiratory tract. Eur Respir Rev. 2014 Mar;23(131):8-29. doi: 10.1183/09059180.00007413. PMID: 24591658
Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, van de Veerdonk FL, et al. COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) – from immunology to treatment. J Fungi. 2020 Jun;6(2):91. doi: 10.3390/jof6020091. PMID: 32599813
Armstrong-James D, Youngs J, Bicanic T, et al. Confronting and mitigating the risk of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Eur Respir J. 2020 Oct;56(4):2002554. doi: 10.1183/13993003.02554-2020. PMID: 32703771
Asano K, Hebisawa A, Ishiguro T, et al. New clinical diagnostic criteria for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycosis and its validation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 Apr;147(4):1261-1268.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.029. PMID: 32920094
Donnelly JP, Chen SC, Kauffman CA, et al. Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Sep;71(6):1367-1376. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz1008. PMID: 31802125
Hoenigl M. Invasive fungal disease complicating Coronavirus disease 2019: when it rains, it spores. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Sep;ciaa1342. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1342. PMID: 32887998
Koehler P, Bassetti M, Chakrabarti A, et al. Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: the 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Dec;S1473-3099(20):30847-1. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30847-1. Accessed 04 Apr 2021. PMID: 33333012
Lahmer T, Kriescher S, Hermer A, et al. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: results from the prospective AspCOVID-19 study. PLoS One. 2021;16(3):e0238825. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238825. PMID: 33730058
Nye J. Clinical guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Infectious Disease Advisor. https://www.infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com. 09 Feb 2021. Accessed 21 Mar 2021.
Russo A, Tisseo G, Falcone M, et al. Pulmonary aspergillosis: an evolving challenge for diagnosis and treatment. Infect Dis Ther. 2020 Sep;9(3):511-524. doi: 10.1007/s40121-020-00315-4. PMID: 32638227
The First Affiliated Hospital, Zheijiang University School of Medicine. Handbook of COVID-19 prevention and treatment; 2020 Mar.
White PL, Dhillon R, Cordey A, et al. A national strategy to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019-associated invasive fungal disease in the intensive care unit. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Aug. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1298. PMID: 32860682
Bassetti M, Azoulay E, Kullberg BJ, et al. EORTC/MSGERC Definitions of invasive fungal diseases: Summary of activities of the Intensive Care Unit Working Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Mar;72(Suppl 2):S121-S127. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1751. PMID: 33709127
Dadwal SS, Hohl TM, Fisher CE, et al. American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Series, 2: Management and prevention of aspergillosis in hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients. Transplant Cell Ther. 2021 Mar;27(3):201-211. doi: 10.1016/j.jtct.2020.10.003. PMID: 33781516
Douglas AP, Smibert OC, Bajel A, et al; Australasian Antifungal Guidelines Steering Committee. Consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of invasive aspergillosis, 2021. Intern Med J. 2021 Nov;51(Suppl 7):143-176. doi: 10.1111/imj.15591. PMID: 34937136
Teh BW, Yeoh DK, Haeusler GM, et al; Australasian Antifungal Guidelines Steering Committee. Consensus guidelines for antifungal prophylaxis in haematological malignancy and haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, 2021. Intern Med J. 2021 Nov;51(Suppl 7):67-88. doi: 10.1111/imj.15588. PMID: 34937140
Castrejón-Pérez AD, Welsh EC, Miranda I, et al. Cutaneous mucormycosis. An Bras Dermatol. 2017 May;92(3):304-311. doi: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20176614. PMID: 29186239
Chander J. Aspergillus otomycosis. Aspergillus Website. https://www.aspergillus.org.uk/. Feb 2009.
Kauffman CA. Treatment of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. Nov 2020.
Lang M, Lang AL, Chauhan N, Gill A. Non-surgical treatment options for pulmonary aspergilloma. Respir Med. 2020 Apr;164:105903. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105903. PMID: 32217289
Mada PK, Saldaña Koppel DA, Al Shaarani M, Joel Chandranesan AS. Primary cutaneous Aspergillus fumigatus infection in immunocompetent host. BMJ Case Rep. 2020 Feb;13(2):e233020. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2019-233020. PMID: 32060111
Patterson TF. Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of invasive aspergillosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/. Aug 2022.
Willacy H. Otomycosis. Fungal ear infection. Patient. https://patient.info/. May 2022.
Agarwal R, Chakrabarti A, Shah A, et al; ABPA complicating asthma ISHAM working group. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: review of literature and proposal of new diagnostic and classification criteria. Clin Exp Allergy. 2013 Aug;43(8):850-873. doi: 10.1111/cea.12141. PMID: 23889240
Boyer J, Feys S, Zsifkovits I, et al. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis: How it's going, where it's heading. Mycopathologia. 2023 Oct;188(5):667-681. doi: 10.1007/s11046-023-00727-z. PMID: 37100963
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Fungal diseases: Aspergillosis risk & prevention. CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/. 08 Jan 2021.
Chakraborty RK, Gilotra TS, Tobin EH, et al. Aspergilloma. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan.