History of familial hypertension linked to increased vascular stiffness

Brachial–ankle pulse-wave velocity (baPWV) and femoral–ankle (fa)PWV are elevated in individuals with a history of familial hypertension, suggesting increased central and peripheral arterial stiffness in susceptible individuals before hypertension onset, a study has shown.

“Routine measurement of these parameters may allow for early intervention and risk stratification, especially in persons with a history of familial hypertension,” the authors said.

Eighty-two healthy nonhypertensive volunteers (mean age 31.4±9.6 years) were recruited and questioned regarding their medical background and family history in this study. They were divided into two groups based on history of familial hypertension and were measured for baPWV and faPWV. From these measurements, carotid–femoral PWV was then computed.

Of the volunteers, 43.7 percent had a history of familial hypertension. No significant between-group differences were observed in other clinical or demographic characteristics. Those with a history of familiar hypertension presented with significantly elevated baPWV (10.86±1.69 vs 9.68±1.52 m/s; p<0.004) and faPWV (7.01±1.65 vs 6.28±1.26 m/s; p<0.028).

“Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death,” the authors said. “New methods for early detection of hypertension and its consequences can reduce complications arising from uncontrolled hypertension.”

PWV is a measure of arterial stiffness and has been recognized as an essential tool in assessing risk for cardiovascular complications. However, its use in clinical practice remains limited, the authors noted.