Tổng quan
Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal
tract that is usually aggressive and manifests in an advanced stage, as stated in the Introduction
section.
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third
most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A detailed discussion
about the prevalence of gastric cancer is in the Epidemiology
section.
The Pathophysiology section states that the process in the development of
gastric cancer is initiated with a Helicobacter pylori infection causing
chronic inflammation of the gastric lining that progresses to a series of
precursor lesions (eg nonatrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal
metaplasia) to gastric adenocarcinoma that occurs with sustained infection for
decades.
The Risk Factors section in the development of gastric cancer
include male gender, old age, Helicobacter pylori infection, cigarette
use or diet. Other important risk factors are also enumerated in this section.
The Classification section enumerates types of gastric cancer
according to histological appearances.
Gastric Cancer_Disease SummaryHistory and Physical Examination
The Clinical Presentation section describes the clinical features indicative
of gastric cancer depending on the stage.
The Screening section discusses the different staging of
gastric cancer, such as the Tumor, Nodes and Metastases (TNM) system, the
Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma, and the clinical and pathologic staging,
to name a few.
Chẩn đoán
Discussions on routine laboratory tests,
immunohistochemistry, tumor markers, fluorescence in situ
hybridization and liquid biopsy are in the Laboratory Tests and Ancillaries section.
The Imaging section explains the different modalities
used for the diagnosing and staging of patients with gastric cancer.
Other diseases that should be ruled out in the diagnosis of
gastric cancer are listed in the Differential
Diagnosis section.
Xử trí
The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance
status scale and Karnofsky performance status, which are used as tools to
assess the functional status of patients with gastric cancer are discussed in
the Evaluation section.
The Pharmacological
Therapy section discusses in
detail palliative therapies, chemotherapy and systemic therapies as a treatment
option in the management of gastric cancer.
The role of surgery and other treatment procedures as
options in the management of gastric cancer are in the Surgery section.
The Radiation Therapy
section explains the role of chemoradiation, interventional radiology and
radiotherapy in the management of gastric cancer.
The Monitoring
section emphasizes on the importance of a regular follow-up in patients
diagnosed with gastric cancer.
